The Problem of Unemployment in India
Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work do not get work. In other words, it is a state where due to one reason or other, one is not able to get a job according to one’s demand or ability. Unemployment has become an acute problem in India. There is more unemployment now than ever before. This is a serious economic problem. The economic well-being, peace, prosperity and stability of India depend greatly on the immediate solution of the problem of unemployment.
Unemployment can be classified into full unemployment, partial unemployment, seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment. The problem of unemployment among the educated is the most serious. When we offer education to thousands of young people , we are not in a position to offer jobs to even a few hundreds of them. Millions of uneducated young people and lakhs of graduates constitute the number of the unemployed in India. Even highly qualified persons like doctors, engineers and scientists also face this problem.
There are many reasons for unemployment. The first and foremost cause is excessive population growth. The number of people increases rapidly whereas employment opportunities do not increase rapidly. Illiteracy has caused unemployment and poverty. Illiterate and ignorant people remain conservative. They believe that children are the gift of God and do not plan their family. The system of our education is responsible for this serious problem. The system is so theoretical and old fashioned that it doesn’t make our young people fit for anything except some kind of service. Technical education is neglected. Unscientific methods of cultivation and slow rate of industrialization are other causes. Industrial production and national income do not increase with the increase in population.
Many measures are suggested to solve this grave problem. India’s population has to be checked by every possible means. People are to be taught the advantages of birth control and small family. The present system of education should be changed radically by giving importance to vocational and technical training. The country should be industrialized at a fast rate. Big industries should be limited. Cottage and small-scale industries should be started on co-operative lines in all the villages. Educated and uneducated people should come forward to start small-scale industries of their own. The government should come forward to provide the people with financial and technical helps. The youth should understand the importance of the dignity of labour.
It is gratifying to note that the Government of India has become fully aware of the necessity of solving the unemployment problem. The five-year plans have stressed ways and means to provide more employment opportunities. Let us hope that we shall evolve such a system of training that every grown–up individual will be a socially useful and creative member, thereby saving the country from the danger of revolutions and social upheavals.
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